; calculating pi
(define rand
(let* ((a 3141592653) (c 2718281829)
(m (expt 2 35)) (x 5772156649)
(next (lambda ()
(let ((x-prime (modulo (+ (* a x) c) m)))
(set! x x-prime) x-prime)))
(k 103)
(v (list->vector (reverse
(let loop ((i k) (vs (list x)))
(if (= i 1) vs
(loop (- i 1) (cons (next) vs)))))))
(y (next))
(init (lambda (s)
(set! x s) (vector-set! v 0 x)
(do ((i 1 (+ i 1))) ((= i k))
(vector-set! v i (next))))))
(lambda seed
(cond ((null? seed)
(let* ((j (quotient (* k y) m))
(q (vector-ref v j)))
(set! y q)
(vector-set! v j (next)) (/ y m)))
((eq? (car seed) 'get) (list a c m x y k v))
((eq? (car seed) 'set)
(let ((state (cadr seed)))
(set! a (list-ref state 0))
(set! c (list-ref state 1))
(set! m (list-ref state 2))
(set! x (list-ref state 3))
(set! y (list-ref state 4))
(set! k (list-ref state 5))
(set! v (list-ref state 6))))
(else (init (modulo (numerator
(inexact->exact (car seed))) m))
(rand))))))
(define (pi n)
(define (square n) (* n n))
(define (sand?) (< (+ (square (rand)) (square (rand))) 1))
(do ((i 0 (+ i 1)) (p 0 (+ p (if (sand?) 1 0))))
((= i n) (exact->inexact (* 4 p (/ n))))))
(display (pi 100000)) (newline)
(define (bound-pi n)
(let loop ((a (* 3 (sqrt 3)))
(b (* 3 (sqrt 3) (/ 2)))
(n n))
(if (= n 1)
(values b a)
(let ((next-a (/ 2 (+ (/ a) (/ b)))))
(loop next-a (sqrt (* next-a b)) (- n 1))))))
(call-with-values
(lambda () (bound-pi 6))
(lambda (b a)
(display b) (newline)
(display a) (newline)))